Footnotes and Answers

*Note for AI students or those who use computer analogy:
 The cerebellum provides a mathematical model of transformation of sensory (covariant) space-time coordinates into motor (contravariant) coordinates by cerebellar neuronal networks.

The hypothalamus makes and delivers software applications (chemicals that make little subroutines run).

** Coercion: “Controlling of voluntary agent or action by force; government by force” (OED)

***(Childish –Immature; unsuitable for a grown person in good mental health. Childlike – Mature but maintaining the healthy qualities of a child, as light-heartedness, playfulness, frankness etc. )

Tova Solution

There are a total of 13 boxes

Answers to Tracing Root Behaviors

• ? dressing up to go out: Serene & clean, assess & impress
• ? playing football: Befriend & bond, create & cooperate, assess & impress
• ? planning a garden: Create & cooperate, enjoy & deploy
• ? inviting a new acquaintance to dinner: Befriend & bond, seek & squeak
• ? SETI (Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence): Seek & squeak, befriend & bond
• ? doing a self assessment: Assess & impress, enjoy & deploy
• ? shaking someone's hand: Befriend & bond, assess & impress
• ? decorating: Create & cooperate
• ? swerving to avoid an accident: Fight & flight

Answers to Self-Assessment Quiz

1. Factors of intelligence: physical senses and the brain’s physical condition, attention, orientation, association, imagination, perception, memory, emotional stability, creativity, ability to use tools, intellect / IQ, prediction, planning and strategy skills.
2. Six
3. Anxiety
4. All of them
5. Virtually anything! Examples include: food, exercise, drugs, sleep, posture, music, perfume, other people, TV, imagination, light, plants.
6. Cortisol
7. input control
8. (N1) If the brain doesn't get what it needs, the mind won't do what you want
9. (N2) Behave as thoigh it's happening, and te brain will think it's happening
10. (N3) You become more like whatever you are surrounded by
11. Nonuse and wronguse
12. One turns the other off

If you easily answered all of these you will progress quickly, if not, take care to look up these few points and make a note about them in your Captain's log.

If you easily answered about half, you probably need to understand a bit more about some of these areas in past tutorials to make the most of future tutorials and increase your rate of progress.

If you easily answered only one or two, you may have difficulty understanding some of the material in future tutorials. Re-reading earlier tutorials will help, especially on these issues. If you feel the information is too sketchy, try the library files for related articles that might give you a better grasp of these basics.

References

1. Jude Mitchell, Ph.D.; John H. Reynolds, Ph.D.; Kristy Sundberg; Salk Institute for Biological Studies. September 24, 2009; Neuron.

2. Adcock et al.: "Reward-Motivated Learning: Mesolimbic Activation Precedes Memory Formation." Publishing in Neuron, 50, 507-517, May 4, 2006.

3. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627301005645

4. Prof. John Roder of U of T's Department of Molecular Genetics, a senior investigator at the Lunenfeld, and Bechara Saab, PhD candidate at the Lunenfeld, University of Toronto and the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital. Sept. 10 2009, published in Neuron. NCS-1 goes wrong in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

5. Dr. Bechara Saab

6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebb

7. REFSDr. Yaniv Assaf of Tel Aviv University's Department of Neurobiology, presented at the Annual Meeting of the Human Brain Mapping Organization in San Francisco.  Dr. Assaf's work was done in collaboration with his Ph.D. students Yaniv Sagi, Tamar Katzir, Efrat Sasson and Ido Tavor. Source: Tel Aviv University. August 12th, 2009 in Medicine & Health / Neuroscience
   http://www.physorg.com/news169297836.html

8. Volkow, Nora D. , Dopamine researcher and director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Discussed in part at the Society for Neuroscience meeting 20/10/2009 in Chicago.
   http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/science/27angier.html

9. Alfie Kohn, a Cambridge, MA writer, is the author of “No Contest: The Case Against Competition,” published by Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA. ISBN 0-395-39387-6. For more information on this topic, see the author's website (www.alfiekohn.org) and his book PUNISHED BY REWARDS (rev. ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1999).

10. Mark L. Lepper, Stanford psychologist; showed that any task, no matter how enjoyable it once seemed, would be devalued if it were presented as coercion rather than approached through autonomy.

    https://www.stanford.edu/dept/psychology/cgi-bin/drupalm/mlepper

    http://rer.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/66/1/5

11. Richard Petty, professor of psychology at Ohio State University, Pablo Briñol, of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in Spain, and Benjamin Wagner, a current graduate student at Ohio State. The research appears in the October 2009 issue of the European Journal of Social Psychology. More information: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/1823/home

    Source: Ohio State University (news : web)
    http://www.physorg.com/news173963842.html
    12. Dr. Joe Z. Tsien, co-director of the Medical College of Georgia Brain & Behavior Discovery Institute with Dr. Xiaohua Cao of East China Normal University; “Genetic Enhancement of Memory” published recently in PLoS One. Tsien's work is one of the best pieces of proof so far of the LTP model, because activating the NMDA receptor clearly leads to LTP. Here’s a short video showing the process of gene expression: http://www.hplusmagazine.com/articles/neuro/making-smarter-rat